WELCOME TO
	MADRASA AL-HIDAYA
	MUSLIM SCHOOL OF RIGHT GUIDANCE

Bismillāh ar-Rahmān ar-Rahīm

SIGNIFICANT WORDS AND PHRASES IN

SŪRAH AL-FATH, SŪRAH AL-HUJURĀT,

AND SŪRAH QĀF

14.  ARABIC GRAMMAR

a. Nouns (Other than those already mentioned)

fath(an), victory, Verse number (48:1)

ni‘mah, favour, (48:2)

nasr(an), help, (48:3)

as-Sakīnah, Tranquility, (48:4)

junūd, forces, troops, (48:4)

fawz(an), triumph, (48:5)

zann, thought, (48:6)

amwāl, property, possessions, (48:11)

shay’(an), a thing, (48:11), (49:14)

Mulk, Kingdom (of Allah), (48:14)

haraj, blame, (48:17)

al-a‘mā, the blind, (48:17)

al-a‘raj, the lame, (48:17)

al-marīd, the sick, (48:17)

āyah, a sign (from Allah), (48:20)

waliyy, protecting friend, (48:22)

nasīr, helper, (48:22)

mahilla, place (of sacrifice), (48:25)

al-jāhiliyyah, ignorance (refers especially to the ignorance of the pre-Islamic days), (48:26)

kalimah, a word, (48:26)

shay’, thing, (48:26), (49:16), (50:2)

al-haqq, truth, (48:27), (50:19)

Fadl, Grace (of Allah), (48:29), (49:8)

Ridwān(ā), Good Pleasure (of Allah), (48:29)

sīmā, mark, (48:29)

athar, traces, (48:29)

mathal(u), likeness, example, (48:29)

qawl, speech, (49:2)

naba’, news, (49:6)

al-amr, the affairs, (49:7)

Ni‘mah, Favour (of Allah), (49:8)

ism, name, (49:11)

sabīl, way, (49:15)

raj‘(un), return, (50:3)

amr, state, (50:5)

furūj, rifts, (50:6)

zawj, pair, (50:7)

dhikrā, reminder, admonition, (50:8)

wa‘īd, threat, (50:14)

labs, doubt, (50:15)

khalq, creation, (50:15)

qawl, word, (50:18)

qarīn, companion, (50:23)

salām, peace, (50:34)

batsh, valour, (50:36)

mahīs, place of refuge, (50:36)

ayyām, days, (50:38)

lughūb, weariness, (50:38)

makān, place, (50:41)

as-sayhah, the uproar, (50:42)

al-Masīr, the Return (to Allah), the Final Destination, (50:43)

I.  Masculine/Feminine
al-mu’minīn, the Muslim believers (those with Īmān, Faith) (masculine), (48:4)
al-mu’minūn, the Muslim believers (those with Īmān, Faith) (masculine), (48:12), (49:10)

al-mu’mināt, the Muslim believers (those with Īmān, Faith) (feminine), (48:5)

    al-munāfiqīn, the hypocritical men, (48:6)
    al-munāfiqāt, the hypocritical women, (48:6)

    al-mushrikīn, the polytheist men, (48:6)
    al-mushrikāt, the polytheist women, (48:6)

    rijāl, men, (48:25)
    nisā’, women, (48:25)

    kathīr, much (masculine), (49:12)
    kathīrah, much (feminine), (48:19)

    dhakar, male, (49:13)
    unthā, female, (49:13)

b. Plurals

nafs, self, (48:10), (50:16)
anfus, persons, lives, (49:15)

sawt, voice, (49:2)
aswāt, voices, (49:2)

as-samā’, the heaven, sky, (50:6)
as-samāwāt, the heavens, (48:4), (49:16)

‘abd, servant, (50:8)
‘ibād, servants, (50:11)
‘abīd, servants, (50:29)

baldah, a city, (50:11)
al-bilād, the cities, (50:36)

insān, man, (50:16)
an-nās, mankind, people, (49:13)

qalb, heart, (50:33)
qulūb, hearts, (48:4), (49:3)

c. Opposites
al-mu’minīn, faithful Muslim believers, (48:4)
al-kāfirīn, the non-believers, (48:13)
al-kuffār, the non-believers, (48:29)

darr(an), harm, (48:11)
naf‘(an), benefit, (48:11)

Yaghfiru, He (Allah) forgives, (48:14)
Yu‘adhdhibu, He (Allah) punishes (for bad deeds), (48:14)

ajr(an) hasanā, a good reward (from Allah), (48:16)
‘adhāb(an) alīmā, a painful punishment (from Allah for bad deeds), (48:16)

alladhīna kafarū, those who disbelieve, (48:22)
alladhīna āmanū, those who believe, (48:29), (49:1)

ashiddā’u, hard, stern, (48:29)
ruhamā’u, tender, merciful, (48:29)

kathīr, much, (49:12)
qalīl(ā), little, (48:15)

ba‘īd, far-off, (50:3)
qarīb, near, (50:41)

al-yamīn, right, (50:17)
ash-shimāl, left, (50:17)

tulū‘, rising (of the sun), (50:39)
ghurūb, setting (of the sun), (50:39)

d. Personal Pronouns

Nā, We (refers to Allah), Fatahnā, We (Allah) granted, (48:1); Khalaqnā, We (Allah) created, (49:13); ‘Alimnā, We (Allah) know, (50:4)

ka, you (masculine, singular), (48:1), (49:4), (50:22)

Huwa, He (refers to Allah), (48:4)

hā, it (feminine), (48:5), (50:6)

hum, them (masculine), (48:5), (49:3), (50:2)

him, them (masculine), (48:6), (49:5), (50:45)

nā, us, fastaghfirlanā, so you ask forgiveness for us, (48:11)

kum, you (masculine, plural), (48:11), (49:2), (50:28)

tum, you (masculine, plural), (48:12), (49:2)

hum, they (masculine), (48:25), (49:5), (50:5)

hū, it (masculine), (48:28), (49:7)

hū, him, (49:2)

humā, them both (masculine, dual), (49:9), (50:38)

hunna, them (feminine), (49:11)

nā, we, āmannā, we have believed, (49:14), mitnā, we die, (50:3)

Nā, Us (refers to Allah), ‘Indanā, with Us, (50:4); Ladaynā, with Us (50:35)

hī, it (masculine), (50:9)

Nahnu, We (refers to Allah), (50:16)

hi, him, (50:16)

ta, you (masculine, singular), (50:19)

hu, him, (48:9), (50:26)

tu, I, (50:28)

Ana, I (refers to Allah), (50:29)

ti, you (feminine), (50:30)

huwa, he, (50:37)

Hu, Him (Allah), (50:40)

anta, you (masculine), (50:45)

e. Possessive Pronouns
Hū, His (refers to Allah), Ni‘matahū, His (Allah’s) Favour, (48:2), Rasūlahū, His (Allah’s) (Prophetic) Messenger, (49:14)

him, their (masculine), Īmānihim, their Faith, (48:4)

Hī, His (refers to Allah), Rasūlihī, His (Allah’s) Prophetic Messenger, (48:9), (49:1)

hī, his, nafsihī, his self, (48:10)

nā, our, amwālunā, our possessions, (48:11)

kum, your (masculine, plural), qulūbikum, your hearts, (48:12), aswātakum, your voices, (49:2)

hum, their (masculine), sīmāhum, their mark, (48:29), aswātahum, their voices, (49:3)

hū, his, nafsuhū, his self, (50:16)

ka, your (masculine, singular), ghitā’aka, your covering, (50:22)

nā, our, Rabbanā, our Lord Sustainer, (50:27)

ka, your (masculine, singular), Rabbika, your Lord Sustainer, (50:39)

f. Relative Pronouns

Alladhī, One Who (refers to Allah), (48:4)

alladhīna, those who (masculine), (48:10), (49:1)

mā, who, whoever, (48:10)

man, who, whoever, (48:10)

allatī, which (feminine), (48:23)

mā, what, whatever, (48:2), (49:6), (50:4)

allatī, one who (feminine), (49:9)

alladhī, one who (masculine), (50:26)

g. Interrogative Particles

a, would you?, (49:12), (50:6)

kayfa, how?, (50:6)

hal, are you?, (50:30)

kam, how many?, (50:36)

h. Demonstrative Pronouns

dhālika, that (masculine), (48:5), (50:3)

hādhihi, these (feminine), (48:20)

ulā’ika, those, (49:3)

hādhā, this (masculine), (50:2)

i. Adjectives (Other than those already mentioned)

mubīn(an), clear, (48:1)

mustaqīm(ā), straight (refers to the Straight Path of Islām), (48:2)

‘azīz(ā), mighty, (48:3)

‘azīm(ā), great, (48:5)

as-saw’, evil, (48:6)

qalīl(ā), little, (48:15)

shadīd, severe, (48:16), (50:26)

hasan(ā), good, (48:16)

alīm(ā), painful, (48:16)

qarīb(ā), imminent, (48:18)

kathīrah, much, abundant, (48:19)

jahr, aloud, (49:2)

‘azīm, great, (49:3)

kathīr, much, (49:7)

khayr, better, (49:11)

bi’sa, bad, (49:11)

kathīr, most, (49:12)

‘ajīb, strange, (50:2)

ba‘īd, far, (50:3)

marīj, confused, (50:5)

bahīj, beautiful, (50:7)

mubārak(an), blessed, (50:9)

maytā, dead, (50:11)

al-awwal, the first, (50:15)

jadīd, new, (50:15)

hadīd, sharp, (50:22)

‘atīd, ready, (50:23)

qarīb, near, (50:41)

yasīr, easy, (50:44)

j. Verbs

I. Present Tense

yubāyi‘ūna(ka), (those who) swear allegiance (to you), (48:10)

yankuthu, breaks (an oath), (48:10)

yaqūlūna, they say, (48:11), (50:39)

yamliku, possesses, (48:11)

Yaghfiru, He (Allah) forgives, (48:14)

Yu‘adhdhibu, He (Allah) punishes (for bad deeds), (48:14)

Yashā’, He (Allah) pleases, wills, (48:14)

yurīdūna, they wish, (48:15)

yubaddilū, to change, (48:15)

Yuti‘illāh(a), obeys Allah, (48:17)

yablugha, reaching, (48:25)

yabtaghūna, seeking, (48:29)

yu‘jibu, amazes, looks marvelous, (48:29)

yaghuddūna (aswātahum), they lower down (their voices), (49:3)

yunādūna(ka), they call out (to you), (49:4)

yakūnū, they (masculine) may be, (49:11)

yakunna, they (feminine) may be, (49:11)

yuhibbu, like (literally, it means love), (49:12)

ya’kula, to eat, (49:12)

Ya‘lamu, He (Allah) knows, (49:16)

yamunnūna, they take it as a favour, (49:17)

Yamunnu, He (Allah) confers a favour, (49:17)

yatalaqqā, receive (dual), (50:17)

yakhāfu, fears, (50:45)

II. Past Tense

anzala, sent down, (48:4)

ghadiba, to be angry with, (48:6)

la‘ana, to curse, (48:6)

a‘adda, to prepare, (48:6)

nakatha, to break (an oath), (48:10)

zuyyina, made pleasing (passive voice), (48:12)

Qāla, He (Allah) said, (48:15)

Radiya, He (Allah) was pleased, (48:18)

‘Alima, He (Allah) knew, (48:18)

Athāba, He (Allah) rewarded, (48:18)

Wa‘ada, He (Allah) has promised, (48:20)

‘Ajjala, He (Allah) has hastened, (48:20)

Kaffa, He (Allah) restrained (your hands and their hands against one another), (48:20)

ja‘ala, made, had, (48:26)

Sadaqa, He (Allah) proved true, (48:27)

Ja‘ala, He (Allah) granted, assigned, (48:27)

Arsala, He (Allah) sent, (48:28)

jā’a, comes, came, (49:6), (50:2

Zayyana, He (Allah) has adorned, (49:7)

Karraha, made hateful, (49:7)

qālat, said (feminine), (49:14)

jāhadū, they struggled, they strived, (49:15)

Hadā, He (Allah) has guided, (49:17)

‘ajibū, they wondered, (50:2)

qāla, he said, (50:2)

kadhdhabū, they belied, (50:5)

kadhdhabat, belied (feminine), (50:12)

kadhdhaba, belied (masculine), (50:14)

haqqa, proved true, (50:14)

ja‘ala, set up, (50:26)

khashiya, (whoever) feared (Allah), (50:33)

naqqabū, they searched, (50:36)

massa, touched, to touch, (50:38)

III. Future Tense

(li)Yudkhila, (so that) He (Allah) may admit, (48:5)

Yukaffira, He (Allah) may remove, (48:5)

Yu‘adhdhiba, He (Allah) may punish (for bad deeds), (48:6)

sa Yu’tī(hi), (Allah) shall give (him), (48:10)

sa yaqūlu, (they) will say, (48:11)

(fa) sa yaqūlūna, (then) they will say, (48:15)

yuslimūna, they shall become Muslims, (48:16)

Yu’ti, He (Allah) will give, (48:16)

Yu‘adhdhib(kum), He (Allah) will punish (you) (for bad deeds), (48:16)

Yudkhil, He (Allah) will admit, (48:17)

yatawalla, will turn away, (48:17)

ya’khudhūna(hā), they will take (it), (48:18)

(li)yuzhira, (so that) He (Allah) may make (it) prevail, (48:28)

nufikha, will be blown (passive voice), (50:20)

yasma‘ūna, they will hear, (50:42)

IV. Continuous Tense

(li)Yaghfira, (so that) He (Allah) may forgive, (48:2)

Yutimma, He (Allah) may complete, (48:2)

Yahdiya(ka), He (Allah) may guide (you), (48:2)

Yansura(ka), (Allah) may help (you), (48:3)

(li)yazdādū, (so that) they might add, (48:4)

Arāda, He (Allah) wishes, (48:11)

yutī‘u(kum), were to follow (you), (49:7)

V. Imperatives

qul, say!, (48:11), (49:14)

wa‘lamū, and know! (plural), (49:7)

(fa) aslihū, (then) make peace, reconcile! (plural), (49:9)

aqsitū, do justice! (plural), (49:9)

ijtanibū, avoid! (plural), (49:12)

qūlū, say! (plural), (49:14)

alqiyā, fling! (dual), (50:24)

udkhulū, enter! (plural), (50:34)

fasbir, so be patient!, (50:39)

sabbih, glorify!, (50:39)

wastami‘, and listen!, (50:41)

(fa) dhakkir, (so) admonish!, (50:45)

k. Adverbs and Prepositions

I. Adverbs

tahti, under, (48:5)

fawqa, over, above, (48:10), (49:2), (50:6)

qablu, previously, (48:15)

ba‘d(i), after, (48:24)

ba‘d(a), after, (49:11)

warā’i, behind, (49:4)

‘inda, with, (50:4)

qabla, before, (50:12)

laday, nearby, with, (50:18)

bayna, in-between, (50:38)

II. Prepositions

la, to, (48:1), (49:2)

min, of, (48:2), (49:7)

min, from, (49:4), (50:2)

min, at, (49:11)

‘alay, upon, ‘alay(ka), upon (you), (48:2)

li, so that, (48:2)

fī, in, (48:4), (49:7), (50:5)

li, to, (48:4), (49:2), (50:30)

li, for, (49:3), (50:8)

ma‘a, with, together with, (48:4), (50:21)

‘an, from, (48:5), (50:22)

bi, about, concerning, (48:6), (49:16)

la, for, (48:6), (49:3), (50:3)

bi, in, (48:9)

‘alā, to, (48:10)

ilā, to, (48:12), (49:9), (50:6)

‘an, with, (48:18)

‘alā, against, (48:29), (49:9)

‘alā, on, upon, (48:29), (49:6)

bi, with, (49:2), (50:5)

hattā, until, (49:5)

ilay, to, (49:5), (50:16)

la, that, (49:5)

fī, among, (49:7)

‘alay, to, (49:17)

wa, by (oath), (50:1)

la, in, (50:6)

bi, by, (50:15)

min, about, regarding, (50:15)

min, than, (50:16)

‘an, on, to, (50:17)

li, of, (50:25)

bi, of, (50:28)

‘alā, over, with, (50:39)

min, in, during (some part of), (50:40)

l. Conjunctions

wa, and, (48:2), (49:1), (50:3)

fa, so, (48:10), (50:2)

in, if, (48:11), (49:6)

aw, or, (48:11), (50:37)

an, that, (48:12), (49:17), (50:2)

idhā, when, (48:15), (50:3)

kamā, just as, (48:16)

idh, when, (48:15), (50:17)

law, if, (48:22), (49:5)

fa, then, (48:26), (49:6)

fa, but, (49:9)

lammā, when, (50:5)

m. Words of Affirmation and Negation


I. Words of Affirmation

 

Innā, indeed We (refers to Allah), (48:1), (50:43)

inna, indeed, (49:1), (50:37)

kāna, is, would have been, was, (48:4), (49:5), (50:27)

laqad, certainly, (48:18), (50:16)

II. Words of Negation

lam, not (48:13), (49:11), (50:6)

lan, not, (48:15)

lā, not, (48:15), (49:1)

laysa, not, (48:11)

lammā, not yet, (49:14)

mā, no (50:6)

n. Superlatives

ahaqqa, more entitled to, (48:26)

ahla, more worthy, (48:26)

ashiddā’u, hard, (48:29)

aktharu, most, (49:4)

akrama, most honourable, (49:13)

atqā, most pious, (49:13)

aqrabu, nearer, (50:16)

ashaddu, stronger, (50:36)

(Nahnu) A‘lamu, (We) (Allah) Know best, (50:45)

p. Definite and Indefinite Articles


I. Words with the Definite Article ‘the’

 

as-sakīnah, the tranquility, (48:4)

 

an-Nabī, the Prophet (refers to Prophet Muhammad, Sallallāhu ‘alayhi wa Sallam), (49:2)

al-Qur’ān, the Qur’ān, (50:1)

II. Words with the Indefinite Articles ‘a’ or ‘an’

fath(an), a victory, (48:1)

haraj(un), blame, (48:17)

 

‘ilm(in), knowledge, (48:25)

Maghfirat(un), Forgiveness (from Allah), (49:3

 

naba’(in), news, (49:6)

 

qawm(an), a people, (49:6)

 

Mundhir(un), a Warner (refers to Prophet Muhammad, Sallallāhu ‘alayhi wa Sallam), (50:2)

turāb(an), dust, (50:3)

amr(in), a state, a matter, (50:5)

q. Numbers

ahadu, one, (49:12)

ihdā, one, (49:9)

sittah, six, (50:38)

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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