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MADRASA AL-HIDAYA |
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MUSLIM SCHOOL OF RIGHT GUIDANCE |
SAYYIDINA UTHMAN DHUN-NURAIN
Rady Allahu Anhu (may Allah be pleased with him)
- Sayyidina Uthman ibn Affan (Rady Allahu Anhu) was the third Khalifa of the Holy Prophet Sayyidina Muhammad (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam).
- He was seven years younger than him.
- The Holy Prophet Sayyidina Muhammad (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam) gave his daughter Sayyidatina Ruqayya (Rady Allahu Anha) in marriage to him. When she passed away, he gave his other daughter Sayyidatina Umm Kulthum (Rady Allahu Anha) in marriage to him.
- For this reason, his title is “Dhun Nurain” which means “Owner of two lights”. The two lights referred to here are the two daughters of the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam).
- After Sayyidatina Umm Kulthum (Rady Allahu Anha) passed away, the Holy Prophet Sayyidina Muhammad (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam) said that if he had another daughter, he would have given her in marriage to Sayyidina Uthman (Rady Allahu Anhu).
- He was among the first people to become Muslims.
- To avoid the persecution of the non-Muslims in Makkah, his first Hijrah (migration) was to Abyssinia and the second to Madina.
- He was very modest. One day, the first two Khalifas came to the home of the Holy Prophet Sayyidina Muhammad (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam). Then Sayyidina Uthman (Rady Allahu Anhu) came. Seeing him, the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam) covered his clothing on part of the shin of his leg which had not been covered properly. Later Sayyidatina Aisha (Rady Allahu Anha) asked him why he covered his clothing only when Sayyidina Uthman (Rady Allahu Anhu) came. He told her that Sayyidina Uthman (Rady Allahu Anhu) was modest. Even the angels were modest in front of him.
- He was a wealthy trader who was charitable and very generous.
- One of his titles is al-Ghani which means “rich”.
- He bought a well from a Jew in Madina and gave it free for the use of Muslims in Madina. Such was his love for the Muslims.
- Once there was a drought. There was not enough food. Food prices were very high. He gave camels loaded with food for free distribution to the Muslims.
- To equip the Muslim army for the Battle of Tabuk, he gave 700 camels, 50 horses and 1000 dinars (gold coins). Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam) was very pleased at this generosity.
- Once, the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam) decided to do Umra. But the Quraish of Makkah would not allow him. So he sent Sayyidina Uthman (Rady Allahu Anhu) from al-Hudaybiya as his ambassador to persuade them. They told him they would not allow the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam) to perform Umra but that he could perform the Umra if he wished. He refused, saying he could not perform the Umra without his Beloved Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam). This shows his deep love for him.
- Then the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam) took a pledge called Bayt ar-Ridwan with his Companions. Since Sayyidina Uthman (Rady Allahu Anhu) was not there, he took the pledge on his behalf. In that pledge, one of the hands of the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam) represented the hand of Sayyidina Uthman (Rady Allahu Anhu).
- He could not go to the Battle of Badr. But he is listed among those who took part in the Battle of Badr because the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam) had asked him to look after his wife Sayyidatina Ruqayya (Rady Allahu Anha) who was sick at that time.
- He participated in many battles with the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam).
- He was one of the persons appointed by the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam) to write down the verses of the Holy Qur’an when they were revealed.
- He was very pious. He fasted during the day and worshipped at night.
- Six of the greatest Companions of the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam) were appointed by Sayyidina Umar (Rady Allahu Anhu) to choose the next Khalifa after him. A majority of them chose Sayyidina Uthman (Rady Allahu Anhu).
- He was Khalifa for 12 years.
- He was Hafiz al-Qur’an.
- He used to weep when he recited the Qur’an. Such was his love for Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta‘ala).
- In his time as Khalifa, differences arose in pronunciation in the recitation of the Holy Qur’an in various Muslim countries. For this reason, he made one standard copy of the Holy Qur’an that was with Sayyidatina Hafsa (Rady Allahu Anha) and sent copies to all the Muslim countries.
- Since that time, the Qur’an has been preserved in its original form without any change.
- In the Friday Khutba, he is praised as Jami‘-ul-Qur’an which means: “the compiler of the Qur’an”.
- He freed many slaves.
- In his time as Khalifa, many wells were dug along the roads to supply water to travellers.
- He arranged for the free distribution of food and meals to the poor and the disabled in the month of Ramadan.
- He used to do household work himself.
- He extended Masjid Nabawi in Madina.
- In his time as Khalifa, Islam spread to many countries, from Morocco in the west to Afghanistan in the east.
- He had no personal guards to guard him.
- He faced problems with great patience.
- Some rebels rose in his time to create divisions among Muslims.
- He patiently listened to them as any leader should. He explained to them his position but they would not listen.
- Then, one day the rebels decided to kill him.
- The people of Madina were prepared to fight for him against the rebels, but he did not want to fight them, as he did not want to shed Muslim blood.
- Some people asked him if they could guard his house, but he refused. Then, Sayyidina Ali (Rady Allahu Anhu) told his sons Imam Hasan (Rady Allahu Anhu) and Imam Husain (Rady Allahu Anhu) to guard his house. The rebels climbed the back wall and killed him. He was unjustly murdered. At that time he was reciting this verse of the Holy Qur’an:
Allah will suffice you for defense against them. He is the Hearer, the Knower. (2:137). His blood fell upon the Qur’an. The copy of the Qur’an he was reciting has been preserved in Turkey.
- He became a Shahid (martyr) just as the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam) had prophesied.
- He passed away at the age of eighty two, in 35 A.H.
- He was laid to rest in Jannatul Baqi‘ in Madina.